Different Treatments Of Depression / Anxiety And Their...

Different Treatments of Depression/Anxiety and their Effectiveness For years, the ideal treatment of depression/anxiety has been pretty much up in the air with literature that shows mixed results for responses to various treatments. Pharmacotherapy or treatment via medicine, and psychotherapy treatment via talk therapy are the two types paths for those with a diagnosis of depression/anxiety that will be considered. Depression is a disorder that globally effects more than 350 million people today (Depression (A)). It is believed to be a disease caused by a combination of social factors, psychological factors, and biological factors (Depression(A)). Deadly as well with high rates of suicide, our society has been trying to figure out this phenomena for years. We have yet been able to find a type of treatment that works uniformly for all patients with this diagnosis. Symptoms include but are not restricted to persistent sadness, feeling hopelessness/guilt/worthlessness, loss of interest/ pleasure in things that used to bring joy, difficulty concentrating, loss of energy, and other abnormal occurrences like so (Depression(B)). However, it seems like we don’t have all of the answers on what is best to do to solve this problem, and when. According to the literature on this topic, both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have the potential to ease somebodies symptoms of depression. It seems that depending on how severe, or what type of depression the patient has there are differentShow MoreRelatedEssay On Alcohol Behavior1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude anxiety disorder since most AUD cases involve comorbidity. Previous research hypothesized that reducing symptoms for anxiety disorder would decrease relapse for AUDs. This has not been supported with evidence. Similar to the primary hypothesis of this paper, the researchers believed that cognitive behavioral therapy would be most effective in decreasing drinking to cope (DTC) and anxiety along with AUD. It was hyp othesized that CBT would reign superior to progressive muscle treatment (PMRT)Read MoreSummery637 Words   |  3 PagesCarrie Wilson Client Perceptions of Therapy Component Helpfulness in Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the helpfulness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with anxiety disorders. The treatment required participants to be highly motivated and willing to endure unpleasant emotional states. The treatment encouraged participants to challenge long standing maladaptive beliefs. The researchers used archival data of 48Read MoreA Psychology Participant Pool Questionnaire1006 Words   |  5 Pageswith elevated depression were pulled from the questionnaire. Among the 100 participants, there was 45% male and 55% female with the average age being around 19. The college undergraduates ranged from freshman to seniors with, 67% freshman, 20% Sophomores, 10% Juniors, and 3% Seniors. Among the college students, the majority were African-American at 85%, Asian 10%, and the rest 5%. If you notice the majority totals for the subcategories of the population, there was an elevated depression between AfricanRead MorePerioperative Case Study1302 Wo rds   |  6 PagesIts Effects on Anxiety, Hemodynamics, and Pain in Women Undergoing Mastectomy This second study delves into finding a cost-effective intervention with potentially minimal adverse reactions on perioperative patients, specifically of those diagnosed with breast cancer suffering with anxiety and pain. The diagnosis of breast cancer, especially in women brings on a slew of negative feelings due to the threat they feel on their life, change in body image, costs associated with treatment, and much moreRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )791 Words   |  4 Pagesamounts of research into effective treatments, it is still difficult to find a healthcare provider with accurate information on the subject. The problem with misinformation is also common in school teachers who are in a position to recognize the problem in their students before the parents. In the research study conducted by Sciutto et al (2015), researchers found that several misconceptions were common throughout the world about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of ADHD. Miscon ceptions about symptomsRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (Gad) Is Characterised By1404 Words   |  6 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterised by exaggerated and excessive anxiety and worry concerning everyday life events (Roemer, Orsillo, Barlow, 2002, as cited in Treanor, Erisman, Salter-Pedneault, Roemer, Orsillo, 2010). This can include; work, family, money and many other factors. Approximately 2% of the population is affected by GAD (Stapinski, Abbott, Rapee, 2010, as cited in Burton, Westen Kowalski, 2015). GAD majorly affects the way people think, which can also resultRead MoreTypes Of Treatment For Anxiety Disorders873 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Anxiety disorders are distressing, and impairing conditions, associated with significant social costs (Palazzo, Altamura, Stein, Baldwin, 2014). There are many different types of treatment for anxiety disorders. Some are more effective than others. The studies within this paper will further tell us about anxiety disorder, different types of treatments, and treatment effectiveness. The Purpose of the Studies The purpose of the study by Palazzo, Altamura, Stein, and Baldwin (2014)Read MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)1559 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions and Definition Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) addresses dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and cognitive processes. This is an effective treatment for patients who are dealing with anxiety and depression. CBT refers to a group of psychotherapies that incorporate techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are the two psychologists who came up with therapies. Beck developed the cognitive therapy (CT) that focuses on changing theRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy And Mental Health Disorders Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Struggling with depression during adolescence stage constantly wondered me what clinical approach can treat depression. Rather than relying on medications, clinical therapies are more effective to cure a variety of mental disorders. Although there are numerous psychological and physiological treatments to cure depression, ‘Cognitive Behavioral Therapy’ [CBT] will effectively treat depression as well as other mental health problems. Commonly used by most mental health experts, cognitiveRead MoreDepression in Childhood and Adolescence Essay748 Words   |  3 PagesDepression in Childhood and Adolescence Until recently depression in children and adolescents had not received a great deal of attention. Increasing interest can probably be traced to a number of influences. Promising developments in the treatment of mood disorders in adults have played a role. In addition the application of diagnostic criteria in children has greatly improved. In everyday usage the term depression refers to the experience of sadness, or dysphoria, is also a central

The Aeneid By Virgil Is An Epic War Poetry - 1472 Words

The Aeneid by Virgil is an epic war poetry written in the 19 B.C.E based on the Trojan War. The poem narrates a story of a Trojan who visited Italy where he came the Romans’ ancestor. In the context of the poem, gods have much quoted manipulating; plotting and working against humans they abhor (Virgil Ferry, n.d.). Despite the god s cunning behaviors, their actions end up putting destiny back on its proper course. Gods, future, and fate are essential aspects of Greek epic poetry .in most Greek god’s stories; the gods despite being powerful and divine also have human characteristics such as rivalry. The gods and goddesses portrayed as being in a conflict with each other but no matter their perceptions the results are always†¦show more content†¦Juno is the first god to intervene in the Trojan War. When she heard rumors that her favorite city Carthage was about to be destroyed by the Trojans, she persuades Aeolus god of the wind to put a storm to destroy Aeneas and his fleet who are on their way to Italy (The Internet Classics Archive | The Aeneid by Virgil, 2017). Those who want to proceed on to Italy are about to start the journey when Venus, fearing that Juno will again cause trouble, asks the sea god Neptune to give assurance of a safe journey for her son. Neptune does as Venus has requested in exchange for one human life, which turns out to of Aeneas s ship s pilot, Palinurus, who falls overboard but can swim to land, only to be killed by thugs. Fortunately, Neptune god of the sea restrains the storm saving Aeneas and seven of his ships who then take refuge in Libya an African port. I found that scene similar to Homer s Odyssey where Poseidon the sea god sends a storm to destroy Odysseus on his way home because he despised him just like Juno in the Aeneid, another god rescues similar Odysseus. Such scenes demonstrate the life-altering effect that the gods have on the humans even though they lack the supreme power to change human fate. Gods in the Trojan War manipulate the humans like puppets to fulfill their purposes and interests. Aeneas tells how TroyShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesPublius Vergilius Maro, more commonly known as Virgil, was born on October 15, 70 B.C. in a small village near Mantua in Northern Italy. He was born into a relatively â€Å"well-to-do† family, as his parents were farm owners with a hefty amount of land to their name. Virgil was provided with an education that quenched his thirst for knowledge. He showed a particular interest in mathematics and medicine, but also studied in law and rhetoric. Quickly after his first law case, he gave up his studies ofRead MoreTheme in Virgil’s Aeneid625 Words   |  3 PagesVirgil, the most distinguished poet of the Roman Empire lived during the rulings of emperor Octavian, better known as Augustus. His father a farmer, he found no time for the daily grind, instead Virgil sought writing. His primary works of art centered on turmoil brought on by evil power and pointless wars. The history of this time is fasc inating because it is the beginning of what we know today as the Roman Empire. It is easy to poke fun at Virgil as a spawn of Homer as his writing is similar inRead MoreThe Aeneid Is A Latin Epic Poem Written By Virgil1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aeneid is a Latin epic poem written by Virgil. The Aeneid tells a story of Aenes, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the romans. The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem written by Homer. Both the Aeneid and the Iliad are both the same and different at the same time. The Iliad and the Aeneid are both masterworks in epic poetry. Not only do they summon destiny and martial duty, but also heroism. They are both fixated around the Trojan War. In the Iliad it focuses mainlyRead More Augustan Poetry Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesAugustan Poetry Often through hardship and nearly insurmountable difficulty great works of art are born. Although years of bloodshed and civil war had plagued Rome since the death of Julius Caesar, some of the most powerful and influential literature in the western world was developed in that timeframe. During the Age of Augustus (approximately 43 BC – 17 AD) such great writers as Virgil, Horace, Livy, Propertius, and Ovid created epic masterpieces of literature and philosophy. It was throughRead MoreAn Analysis of Statius Role in Dantes Purgatorio1290 Words   |  5 Pagesfor it confirms one of the medieval poets beliefs namely, that poetry is a gateway to God and that Virgil is a worthy guide. This paper will show how Dante chooses to use Statius as a Roman poet in the mold of Virgil, who is yet saved by his belief in the Redemption of Jesus Christ whose coming Dante likely believed was prophesied in Virgils Aeneid. Statius was a first century Roman poet who wrote after the same fashion as Virgil, but whose life begins after the crucifixion of Christ had alreadyRead MoreThe Aeneid By Publius Virgilius Maro1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe Aeneid was written by Publius Virgilius Maro, also referred to as Virgil. He was a Roman man born in northern Italy, in around 70 B.C.E. Virgil, who known for his poetry, especially his earliest work, wrote The Aeneid which was known as his greatest work. His gained his knowledge from studying Greek and Roman authors. Although Virgil studied both cultures his work was more so influenced by the Greek culture, his work was written with the use of common themes that Greek writers used for so manyRead MoreComparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the best Greek epics written by Homer. Despite their popularity, almost nothing is known about the author beyond the existence of his masterpieces. Surprisingly enough no concrete evidence of his existence is available; not even to confirm the same person created the two works. The authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey were debated even in the times of the ancient Greeks. Many scholars have arguedRead More Promoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesPromoting Morality in the Aeneid and Metamorphoses    Just as the authors of the Bible use an evocative, almost mythological vehicle to convey covenants and laws that set the moral tone for Hebrew and Christian societies, Latin poets Virgil and Ovid employ a similarly supernatural method to foster their own societal and moral goals in Roman society. Where Virgils Aeneid depicts Aeneas as the ideal, duty-bound Roman patriarch absent from the conflicted Rome of Virgils youth, Ovids MetamorphosesRead MoreAeneid Analysis1416 Words   |  6 Pages THE AENEID:Problems encountered by readers The author of Aeneid: Virgil, used many resources to come up with one of the most influential piece of work in the history of poetry. While writing the Aeneid, Virgil was most influenced by the literally work of another renowned author known as Homer who hailed from Greek. The Aeneid is an epic poem that narrates the adventures of its main character and hero who is known as Aeneus. Aeneus is a renowned Trojan hero, he survived the fall of troy and fledRead MoreExcellence and the Fulfillment of Ones Purpose is the Philosophy of Classical Greece1158 Words   |  5 Pagesspecifically to the culture of the period in which it originated meant â€Å"the notion of excellence and the fulfillment of one’s purpose and/or function: in other words, the act of living up to ones full potential†. Example: Aeneas, from the Aeneid, is an example of someone who possesses the foundational aspects of the Arete philosophy. As a Trojan leader, Aeneas respects prophecy and attempts to incorporate the idea of his own destiny into his actions, in spite of emotional impulses that conflict

Bible for all its worth-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.Discuss what the authors believe to be the aim of interpretation? 2.What is Fee Stuarts point about every reader being an interpreter? 3.What is the danger of assuming that our own understanding is the same as the Holy Spirits? 4.Explain the point of the authors about the starting point for our interpretation of the Scriptures. Why is understanding this important? 5.Write a short journal 200-250 words to explain what you believe to be the challenges for you as you seek to become more proficient in the task of interpreting Scripture? Be specific on the challenges you believe you face and what specific steps may help you to respond to those challenges. 6.Explain what the authors see as the antidote to bad interpretation. Answers: 1.According to Fee and Stuart (2003), the aim of interpretation is to get at the plain meaning of the text. Therefore, the authors believe that the aim of a good interpretation is not uniqueness but to clearly state the inherent meaning of the text (Fee and Stuart 2003). It is to be noted that often the actual meaning is lost in the middle of all the interpretations by the various religious preachers and teachers and therefore, the authors believe that the actual aim of interpretation should be to clearly state the inherent meaning of the text without much textual jargon. The aim of interpretation is also to understand the then and there and the here and now meaning of the Scripture (Fee and Stuart 2003). 2.According to the authors Fee and Stuart (2003), each reader is an interpreter and he or she interprets the text as per his or her own intellectual capabilities. It is also interesting to note that the interpretation of the text by an individual is often different from the religious interpretations of the same text. It can be a reflection of the cultural, social economic, educational backgrounds and other factors which determine the identity of an individual that comes into play when the same person tries to interpret the text. This also gives rise to the diversification of meaning for the same word. In Chapter 1 of the text, the authors Fee and Stuart use the metaphor of cross to drive home this particular point (Fee and Stuart 2003). 3.According to the authors Fee and Stuart (2003), each reader is also an interpreter. However, it is often seen that the meaning of the text which is being interpreted by the various individuals is very different from the religious connotations of the same text. Most people think that their understanding of the text is the same as the Holys Spirits. However, most of the time people forgot that the way an individual interprets the text depends on his or her cultural, social, economic and educational background. Therefore, if the reader assumes that his or her understanding is the same as the Holy Spirits then the process of interpretation will not be an effective one 4.It is to be noted that the Bible is often considered to be both the eternal relevance as well as the the human words in history. Therefore, an interpreter needs to take both these two points into consideration before he or she embarks on the process of interpretation. In the words of the two authors, The Bible......is the Word of God given in human words in history(Fee and Stuart 2003). Moreover, it is to be noted that the Church since the traditional time has understood the nature of the Scripture to the same as that of Christ. Therefore, as per the authors the starting point of our interpretation of the Scriptures requires an understanding of the then and there and here and now (Fee and Stuart 2003). According to the authors Fee and Stuart (2003), an understanding of the then and there and the here and now is very important for an understanding of the Scriptures because during the interpretation of the Bible, the interpreter often faces a tension between the historical and the eternal relevance of the scripture. According to the authors, God chose to speak in the context of real human history, we may take courage that these same words will speak again and again in our own real history, as they have throughout the history of the church(Fee and Stuart 2003). Moreover, in order to interpret the then and there in a more effective manner the interpreter also needs understand the general rules applicable to the Biblical words. In addition to this, the here and now help the interpreter to understand the manner in which the Almighty communicates with the individuals. Therefore, it can be said an effective understanding of these two points is very important for an interpreter to interpret the scripture in the best possible manner 5.An effective interpretation of the Scripture has always been a challenge for me. There were times when I used to have a tough time trying to interpret the Scripture for myself and had to take the help of my parents and elders to interpret the Scripture. I would say that the first challenge which I faced during the process of my interpretation of the Scripture was the use of too many obsolete as well as ecclesiastical words with which I was not very familiar. I would like to say here that I had to take the help of not only my parents and elders but also the help of the Father of our local Church to understand the exact meaning of those words and the context in which they were used. Another major challenge faced by me during the process of interpretation of the Scripture was my inability to understand the setting as well as the latent meaning of some of the parables. Once again the support provided by my elders, parents and the Father of our local Church were very helpful. Another ma jor challenge which I faced was the tension between the then and there and the here and now of the Scripture. I would like to add here that being a citizen of the 21st century I was obviously trying to interpret the Scripture in the context of the 21st century Literature however, later i came to know from my teachers and elders the then and there aspect also matter a lot. The Father of our local Church cleared up the air for me and helped me to understand there are two aspects of the Bible the eternal relevance and the human words in history and that both the aspects need to taken into consideration for an effective interpretation of the Scripture. 6.According to the authors, the antidote to bad interpretation is not no interpretation but good interpretation (Fee and Stuart 2003). An interpreter should take into consideration both the then and there and here and now aspects of the text(Fee and Stuart 2003). According to the authors, this particular problem arises because of the dual nature of the Biblical text- as an eternal relevance and human words in history (Fee and Stuart 2003). Therefore, an interpreter needs to take into consideration both these aspects of the text before embarking on the process of interpretation. In addition to this, the interpreter also needs to take into consideration the differences in the meaning of certain words used in the Bible and their common use. Reference Fee, G.D. and Stuart, D., 2003. How to Read the Biblefor All Its Worth: A Guide to Understanding the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan

Why I Want to Be a Makeup Artist free essay sample

Everyone questions what you want to be when you grow up starting in elementary school and your answer normally ranges from princess to astronaut. As you grow and you’re in middle school your teachers ask you the same thing my answer was an architect, once you reach high school the question is a lot firmer and a lot more serious. I still don’t know exactly what I want to do for ever but I know what I want to do for now I’d like to be a makeup artist. The power of being able to change a persons appearance using makeup has been a personal passion of mine for as long as I can remember. We all have something in our lives that we get a little giggly over for some its shoes, clothes, sports or movies for me its makeup. A lot of people say makeup is a way of hiding yourself or that it changes a person for who they really are. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to Be a Makeup Artist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To me make up doesn’t hide the person you are it lets the confident person you want to be shine. If you feel beautiful you will carry yourself that way. Some may ask why I would choose to pursue a career in a field that’s not so demanding but honestly if you have the drive the right education and the skills you have nothing to worry about. But I have no interest in the money i would rather do something I love and make a normal amount of money then something I hate and make a lot of money. This is a career i would like to pursue because no matter what anyone tells you looks are important the way you carry yourself and your appearence will tell you a lot about a person. Sadly perfection is the goal for many in the world but I don’t think people need makeup to achieve this, makeup is something that allows people to feel better about themselves. Nothing makes me happier then to see a woman sit down in front of me with low to no self-esteem then I take a brush to her face and even the slightest bit of makeup can make her feel more beautiful, it’s a great feeling when you know you can make someone leave with a smile on their face and a pep in their step. Requirements for a career in this field are skill, familiarity, and education. Practice applying makeup on yourself and others so you can develop your technique. The best way to build a skillful hand at applying makeup is to practice on people with different colored skin, face shapes, eye colors, and different ages. This will help you develop skill so that you can work with a wide range of clientele. You have to learn with different types of makeup, brushes and looks. Read magazines, find fashion and makeup blogs, and pay attention to the different trends and styles of makeup. Learn the difference between day and night looks. Day for instance has lighter colors like pink tones and natural colors, makeup should be subtle, nothing more than mascara and a neutral shadow. Night time makeup needs to pop, darker colors. A dramatic lip or eye not both or you’ll overdo it, also the cat eye with red lips is always a classic look. Also education a lot of makeup counters like mercy’s and Dillard’s will hire without education from buaety school but in order to work in a salon or for a more known company you need to have graduated from beauty school. Not to mention the education will look a lot better in your favor when it comes to competing for the job. I feel as if I meet the some points of the requirements to pursue this career, but I need to learn more. I would like to go to beauty school and i would like to start out at a counter if I have to and then get experience for a salon and slowly but surely make my way up the chain. I hope my passion and the skills I already have will get me started greatly in this field. My passion lies in eyes. I love experimenting with different colors and lashes and liner. Shadow also comes down to the person you are for instance some colors that great with my skin tone are blues, gold’s and browns. Personally enjoy lashes on myself because I have smaller lashes than most. I also change my liner on a day by day bases I love to try different things on myself and others I follow many blogs and instagrams with people that do makeup and sell makeup i am also a frequent make up buyer it is kind of an addiction. Therefore i im looking forward to graduating from ITT Tech then moving on to pursue my career in make u artistry. I am prepared for the hard work and dedication. I plan to continue practicing the skill and learning more until I can further my career and education in the field.

Different Parenting Styles

Introduction This paper seeks to undertake a research on different parenting styles and how they affect growth and development of adolescent children. The purpose of this research is to indicate aspects relating to parenting and their subsequent impact on behavior in adolescents.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parenting is both an art and a science as it seeks to offer emotional and physical support to an infant from the onset of childhood until their maturity into adulthood. These infants are dependent on their parents until they reach a stage where they are self reliant and self sufficient (Harper, 2012). Parenting is a key aspect in the family life as it engages nurturing young child to be adults based on pre-determined norms and values. There is no particular formula for good parenting as it entails acquisition of a variety of skills rangin g from flexibility, perceptiveness, patience and high levels of personal discipline. These skills are vital to ensure that as an adolescent child undergoes behavioral changes, the parent is in a position to anticipate and control the adolescent’s behavior. Significance of the study The adolescent period of development refers to a stage that every human being has to undergo. However, adolescent children undergo a variety of developmental changes that require parents to understand their behavior to easily accommodate them. Some of the changes which the children go through revolve around emotional, biological, mental and social changes, which require them to adapt to changing situations. The purpose of this research is to enable parents understand how to apply the right kind of parenting style on children undergoing adolescence. It further seeks to highlight and discuss different parenting styles to facilitate smooth relationships between parents and their children during this p eriod of their lives. Literature Review The literature review highlights previous insights that have been advanced by scholars in the past relating to parenting. Parenting styles refer to approaches regarding childbearing based on aspects of control (degree of parental control) and responsiveness (often referred to as parental warmth). This section analyzes the major types of parenting styles and further looks into suggested styles that have been attributed to successful adolescent upbringing. Development in adolescent children is influenced by a variety of factors, mainly parenting (Rankin, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parenting Styles The major types of parenting styles include authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved parenting. Different stages of child development demand for a style of parenting that is appropriate to that situation. Furthermore, different cultural and ethnic settings impact the kind of style applied by parents. More often than not, past experience (relating to how parents were raised) may negatively or positively impact how parents raise their adolescent children. Below is a discussion of the types of parenting. Authoritative parenting Authoritative parents generally exercise a level of parental warmth despite eliciting strictness. They encourage their children to become self reliant and independent. They are willing to engage in dialogue with their children to determine the best way forward for both parties. Despite allowing children to contribute to decision making, parents are clear on their boundaries and children understand that the overarching responsibility of discipline lies on their parents (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Adolescent children from such families are socially empowered and are in a better decision to develop social relationships better. Furthermore they are more competent as they exercis e a level of independence and responsibility. Adolescent children from this style have the notion that their parents value their emotions. This makes authoritative parenting a democratic style of parenting (Sigelman and Rider, 2011). Authoritarian parenting Authoritarian parents demonstrate a lot of parental control, however their warmth towards their children is demanding. They invoke a feeling of ‘I am the boss’ around their children due to the fact that whatever they say goes and should not be discussed. They set their own standards and expect their children to strictly adhere to them without question or referral. This is however not the best style of parenting to be applied on adolescents as such children may end up being rebellious as they desire to be independent. The disadvantage of this style of parenting is that it over-estimates the value of discipline and forgets to highlight the importance of independence and self reliance, which is vital for maturity of an adolescent child (Bjorklund and Blasi, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Different Parenting Styles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Permissive parenting Permissive parents are passive; they are gullible to their adolescent children’s demands. They fear disappointing their children and end up saying yes to all their demands. They do not view themselves as major contributors towards decisions made by adolescent children. They sit back and allow nature to take its course. As a result, adolescents growing up in such settings are not used to disciplinary action and lack respect for rules and regulations. Adolescent children in such families have issues with exercising self control and are usually used to having their way. The result is depression and anxiety in the event that things do not work their way (Schaffer and Kipp, 2009). Uninvolved parenting This is one of the most unfortunate types of parenting. The word is simple, the parents are uninvolved. They make no contributions to decision making on matters that influence adolescent children’s lives. They basically have an ‘I do not care attitude’ that allows children to do whatever they want. They neither exercise any form of control nor display any kind of affection towards their children. In this case, parents do not spend quality time with their children and this negatively impacts children at the adolescent stage. Most parents involved in this style of parenting have misplaced priorities and are usually pre-occupied in other activities which they hold in high regard at the expense of their children. Some of the activities that such parents may be involved in include drug abuse, crime and addictions to alcohol. Adolescent children in this kind of setting end up being very reserved and have problems establishing social relations. Communication is also a challenge and they have impulsive behaviors ( Brooks, 2000). Previous research on parenting styles A proper balance between the degree of control and warmth (or responsiveness) should be established to raise a child properly. Different stages in child development call for the application of a different style of parenting. Among the listed parenting styles highlighted above, developmental psychologists have cited that the authoritative style of parenting is the best for raising adolescent children in a manner that ensures wholeness and desired positive development. This is due to the fact that such children end up understanding the importance of self reliance and are nurtured towards being independent.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the adherence to standards and rules, such children understand the importance of these rules and the relevance of the same. They do not simply follow regulations blindly; rather, they understand the rationale behind existence of standards. However, psychologists have equally cited that an adolescent’s behavior may determine the kind of parenting style applied by parents. If the child is responsive, obedient and accommodative, parents are likely to exercise authoritative parenting. Irresponsible, de-motivated and uncooperative adolescents may end up having parents who are either uninvolved or authoritarian and usually have poor self esteem. As a result, they engage in drugs and are often suicidal (Mruk, 2006). Research questions and hypothesis Research questions are the guiding principles of the research. They seek to provide answers to objectives of the research. The research question to be employed in this study is: What is the impact of parental styles to adolescent behavior? The variables that are under study comprise of independent and dependent variables. The dependent variables are behavior, growth and development of an adolescent child. The independent variable is the parenting style applied. Null hypothesis Parental styles have no significant impact on adolescent behavior. Alternative hypothesis Parental styles have a significant impact on adolescent behavior. Research Method For this kind of research, a quantitative method will be applied and hypothesis used to test the validity of the research. The use of quantitative research supports the establishment of a relationship between one variable (independent) and another variable (dependent). It requires numerical analysis to understand underlying motives and provide objective evidence to describe patterns in elements comprising the population. Quantitative research supports inquiry into a specified problem and thereby goes on to use statistical techniques to provide meaning to the data co llected (Prunckun, 2010). Reasons for use of quantitative research The research will incorporate the use of quantitative research due to the fact that the research will be more objective and logical. The aim of this research is to develop generalizations to enable the researcher understand cause and effect including occurrence of phenomena. The method to be applied is experimental which will entail true experiments characterized by random assignment of population elements to different situations. This is because raising adolescents occurs in a variety of different environments hence the need to test each of the reactions based on the parenting style being applied. Research design A research design is a detailed plan of how the research will be conducted according to the nature of data required in order to investigate the research hypotheses or questions in an economic manner. The research design presents the determination and approach for the study. It entails defining the populatio n, sampling, procedures, measures, ethical protection of participants and tests of validity (Kothari, 2007). Population The population forms a group of people or objects which are similar in one or more ways and which form the subject of study. From the population, the sample will be selected. For the purposes of accuracy, speed, depth of information and costs involved, a sample will be drawn from the population residing in neighborhoods in Boston. Sampling Having identified the target population as families in Boston, inferences will be made from the findings that will equally be used as a reference to other enterprises. According to Kothari (2007), a sampling frame is the list of a group or a cluster which forms the basis of the sampling processes where a representative sample is drawn for the purpose of research. The sample frame defines the units from which the sample will be drawn. The sampling technique employed was random stratified sampling. In as the elements had a known ch ance of being selected for the purpose of research. Procedures This section highlights the treatments, conditions and interventions. For this particular research, the treatment will be the specific situations in which the group or elements under study are exposed to. In this case, the elements are in a family setting and observation expects to highlight day to day activities and how the respondents relate to each other. For this research, introducing a condition will imply putting the parent and child in a position where they are required to make a decision to demonstrate their level of control and demand. Introducing a need for decision making affects behavior and parenting style applied. Interventions are defined to assist in keeping the research back on track. In the event of issues like failure to communicate effectively, the intervention would be instrumental in encouraging the use of proper communication channels to facilitate interaction between the elements. This reiterates the importance of communication (Devore, 2006). Measures To measure degree of control, the research intends to use defined scales. The scale is designed in a manner that defines levels in terms of total or full control, medium control, minimal control or no control at all. This will be observed through decisions made, chores assigned and feedback given by adolescent children under study. This scale is specific to this particular study. Temperament levels among adolescents will be measured to examine how they react to situations when dealing with their parents. Validity of the research The validity of the research determines the extent of acquisition of accurate results. The questionnaires must be tested for reliability and validity on a small sample before being administered in the field. The questionnaire is tested for biasness and the leading questions are identified and eliminated or rephrased. The researcher should emphasize the purpose of the research to the respondents. Validi ty is equally raised on matters relating to sample size. The sample size must be representative to allow making of generalizations which are inclusive. If the sample is inappropriate, the results of the findings will be inaccurate. Role of the researcher The researcher will be actively involved in administration of the questionnaire. This is to facilitate clarifications in the event of ambiguous questions which the respondent is challenged. The questionnaire will be designed in a way that eliminates the possibility of leading questions, therefore bias will not occur. The role of the researcher will be to continuously answer queries and provide guidance to respondents in the event that they encounter challenges. The researcher must possess problem solving skills and have a good grasp of the knowledge area under study. The researcher should uphold objectivity and always rely on factual evidence to reach to conclusions. The researcher is responsible for providing the findings of the re search without concealing any information. Sample Size The sample size intended for the study is a total of 150 elements due to the fact that the sample needs to be sufficient and representative. This is due to the fact that the sample is homogenous in terms of age and practices hence making it all inclusive. The choice of this sample was influenced by restrictions on time and cost which negated the possibility of a larger sample. Sample and Context The sample will take into consideration certain characteristics of the population. The age of adolescent children being observed will be between the ages of 13 to 19. The genders to be examined include both male and female. Ethnic background will include American and Black American settings. Educational levels will incorporate all levels of education to facilitate an inclusive sample. Sampling Procedure The choice of sampling method implies that the division into strata was to be based on area of residence. To further advance this techni que, convenience sampling due to the advantage of human choice will be used. The research attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements having determined their ethnic differences. The researcher will interact with the respondents based on house visits and observation of parental routines. Door to door visits in random neighborhoods will be conducted. Data type and Collection The method to be employed by this research to collect data from the samples is questionnaires and observation. Primary data will be collected using a structured questionnaire that will seek to answer questions on demographics. The reason for choosing the use of a questionnaire was due to the fact that it is cost effective. They are also easy to analyze in terms of data entry and tabulation despite its familiarity to most people. Furthermore, the researchers own opinions do not influence the respondents answers as there are no verbal and visual clues hence making them unbiased. The experiment will use the ob servation method. The reason behind choosing observation is due to the fact that the researcher has no influence on the behavior of the variables (Haslam and McGarty, 2003). Data Analysis The questionnaires will be analyzed together with the interviews to determine the variability of the data collected. Data will be analyzed and consolidated to analyze deviance among the variables. The information gained about the interdependencies can be used later to reduce the set of variables in a dataset. Data will be evaluated and represented by use of bar charts and pie charts to represent influences of parental styles on adolescent behavior. The data will be represented in the form of pie charts, graphs and tabulations showing ratios. The analyzed data will provide ratios that determine the validity of the null and alternative hypothesis. Observation of the elements will be undertaken by a research assistant and thereby provide summaries based on checklists which will be consolidated into gr aphs and charts to determine correlations between the dependent and the independent variables. Ethical protection of participants Parents and adolescents that form part of sampling elements under study may be unwilling to disclose information regarding their relations with their parents. One major consideration is to make the results of the findings known to these parents as well as make public the recommendations without bias and exposure of respondents. Respondents’ contributions should be treated in confidentiality. Furthermore, the purpose of the research should be revealed to the respondents. Respondents will be assured that the information they provide will be strictly used for the basis of research and not be provided to third parties. Lastly, the results of the findings must be communicated to the respondents appropriately and made public to interested stakeholders. References Bjorklund, D. F., Blasi, C. H (2011). Child and Adolescent Development: An Integrated Appro ach. California, USA: Cengage Learning. Brooks, J. (2000). Parenting. USA: Mc Graw-hill. Devore, D. M. (2006). Parent Child Relations: New Research. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers. Harper, L. (2012). Parental Proverbs for Instructional Living. Xlibris Corporation. Haslam, A. S., McGarty, C. (2003).Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Kothari, C. R. (2007). Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. New Delhi, India: New Age International Publishers. Mruk, C. (2006). Self-Esteem, Research, Theory and Practice. New York, USA: Springer Publishing Company. Prunckun, H. (2010). Handbook of Scientific Methods of Inquiry for Intelligence Analysis. United Kingdom: Scarecrow Press, Inc. Rankin, J. N. (2005). Parenting Experts; Their Advice, the Research and Getting it Right. California. USA: Praeger Publishers. Schaffer, D. R., Kipp, K. (2009).Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. California, USA: Cengage Learning. Sigelman, C.K., Rider, E.A. (2011). Life Span Human Development. California. USA: Cengage Learning. This research paper on Different Parenting Styles was written and submitted by user Allan Powers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Gender And Economics

, a couple with three daughters is more likely to divorce than a couple with three sons. However, daughters alone do not cause divorce, because marriages differ in all kinds of ways that might contribute to divorce. With that said, having a daughter or daughters is not by itself the only reason why couples divorce. Many explanations can be offered as to why couples divorce. Such things include financial stress, infidelity, and emotional distance. These two articles believe strongly that daughters in a marriage are in some way a contributing factor to divorce. In both articles Landsburg is quick to point out that this trend is not just in the United States, but also holds truth throughout the world. In some cases, divorce rates are even higher for families with daughters in places like Mexico, Colombia, Kenya, and Vietnam. It should be pointed out that while all these countries have higher rates of divorce than that of the United States with regards to having daughters in a fa mily, Vietnam has the largest rate with 25 percent. 2. With regards to the preference of U.S. parents for sons vs. daughters, the articles suggest that parents would rather have a son than a daughter. It’s hard to say why this is true, but for some reason parents prefer boys so much so that boys hold a lot of marriages together. As for some sort of explanation as to why this is true might have to do with boys growing up to be better economic providers for their parents’ old age. Having to carry on the family name is really important in a lot of families. Therefore, parents would want a boy rather than a girl to continue tradition. With that said, it can’t be overlooked that the male ... Free Essays on Gender And Economics Free Essays on Gender And Economics 1. The main point of these two articles is that the parents of a girl are more likely to divorce than the parents of a boy. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the more daughters a couple has as opposed to the more sons a couple has. In other words, a couple with three daughters is more likely to divorce than a couple with three sons. However, daughters alone do not cause divorce, because marriages differ in all kinds of ways that might contribute to divorce. With that said, having a daughter or daughters is not by itself the only reason why couples divorce. Many explanations can be offered as to why couples divorce. Such things include financial stress, infidelity, and emotional distance. These two articles believe strongly that daughters in a marriage are in some way a contributing factor to divorce. In both articles Landsburg is quick to point out that this trend is not just in the United States, but also holds truth throughout the world. In some cases, divor ce rates are even higher for families with daughters in places like Mexico, Colombia, Kenya, and Vietnam. It should be pointed out that while all these countries have higher rates of divorce than that of the United States with regards to having daughters in a family, Vietnam has the largest rate with 25 percent. 2. With regards to the preference of U.S. parents for sons vs. daughters, the articles suggest that parents would rather have a son than a daughter. It’s hard to say why this is true, but for some reason parents prefer boys so much so that boys hold a lot of marriages together. As for some sort of explanation as to why this is true might have to do with boys growing up to be better economic providers for their parents’ old age. Having to carry on the family name is really important in a lot of families. Therefore, parents would want a boy rather than a girl to continue tradition. With that said, it can’t be overlooked that the male ...

What attributes of eco-labels are important to consumers Essay

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Problem solution speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Criteria For Good Academic Report Writing English Language Essay

Criteria For Good Academic Report Writing English Language Essay The following interaction shows a number of key factors to consider when constructing a written piece of work. Following these points will hopefully develop your writing style and help you include every issue in your report. Contents and structure of a report 2.1 Contents and structure of a report http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif Photograph showing a close up the contents page in a report. http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif 2.1.1 Title page This should include the title, date and author of the report as well as the person for whom it has been produced. It may include additional information such as reference numbers, sub-headings and so on. 2.1.2 Summary (also known as an abstract) This is an overview of the whole report, including the conclusion or recommendations. It would normally be one paragraph long and needs to be very concise. Ask yourself: Why would your employer be interested in this research? What are the most important aspects of the research? What should a reader be sure to know about the research? What information will the reader need to have in order to understand the most important aspects? What are the main points from each section of your report? Summarize each section in one sentence, if possible. 2.1.3 List of contents This is a list of the chapters or sections of the report in the same sequence as they appear. Section numbers and the page on which they start should also be given. You will section a report more than an essay. For example you may begin with: Section title: Report Introduction 1.1 The background information 1.2 The purpose of the study 1.3 The scope of the study 2.1.4 Introduction The Introduction will include the background to the report. 2. Contents and structure of a report 2.2 Body of the report: survey findings and conclusions Headings within a report are not standard and they will be dictated by the nature and content of the report. The headings and content of the report should be in a logical order. This may be chronological order, items in order of importance or even perhaps alphabetical order. It is important to note here that if you asked a lot of questions you may not be able to include all the statistical data that you have produced. In this case place your statistical data in your appendix and use only the graphs and charts that are the most relevant to your findings. 2.2.1 Conclusions This is the critical part of a report where the author looks back over the evidence, reaches a judgment and looks forward to the recommendations. Before writing this section you need to take another look at: Considering your objective, did your survey help you to answer your original question? How did our survey help you? Were you right to think you needed to make changes? 2.2.2 Recommendations Recommendations should be kept separate from your conclusions so that it is clear what is being suggested. Care should be taken not to overlap this section with the conclusions. This can be a bullet point section, although it is advisable to number each recommendation so that each recommendation can be easily identified and recognised in future discussions. Recommendations might include: The new methods you would like to introduce into your salon to improve the way you work. The points that you would present to your employer and other colleagues. 2.2.3 Appendices This is where bulky raw data, diagrams, tables and other technical information should be included. The appendices can also include: A bibliography A copy of the survey (questionnaire) A copy of any interview questions and the answers given 2.2.4 Further Tips Other tips which may help you succeed in writing an effective report are: 1: Think before you write: This may sound strange, but make sure you give yourself a plan of action. What do you need to do, how are you going to achieve it etc. 2: Be clear what your purpose is: Through evaluating what the question wants, you should be clear on what it is asking of you. Identify what information you want to convey. 3: Discard everything irrelevant: Do not include sections of writing which you dont think fit into the issue you are analysing. 4: Arrange the material in a logical sequence: See the stages above. 5: Structure longer reports with sections: If you find that one discussion topic in your report is becoming overly long, then try to think of sub-headings which you would use to split it up and make it more readable. 6: Use a layout which helps the reader: If a tutor is marking your work, then it may be necessary to include a specific font and letter size which makes it easier to read. 7: Choose right words for meaning and reader: Do not fill it with long / difficult words in an attempt to make it look more intellectual. Use formal language. 8: Seek higher standards through self-criticism and practice. And finally 9: READ THROUGH YOUR REPORT AND CORRECT ANY MISTAKES. c Citation and referencing 3.1 Citation and referencing When writing a report you will have to use various academic texts (e.g. business planning, SWOT, PEST, SMART targets, Value Chain Analysis, motivation etc). These will contain theories that will help to explain your work. It is only fair that your use of another persons work or ideas to support your own work is appropriately credited to the original author. The process of referencing enables you to demonstrate to anyone reading your work, the breadth of research you have undertaken before producing your report and your familiarity with the subject without giving long explanations. People who read your work and find it interesting may want to know more about the subject. Your reference list is a good source of information that readers can use to guide their initial search. Citation and referencing 3.2 Plagiarism Plagiarism is the term used to describe the use of another authors work in your own report (either intentionally or unintentionally) without acknowledging that it is not your own, or giving the other author the credit for it. If you are careful and keep a good record of where you found information from there will be no problem in effectively referencing the source of any information or ideas you have found and the possibility of being accused of plagiarism can easily be avoided. Try to note down on paper every single publication and reference that you use when writing a report. It is important to demonstrate your knowledge and understanding of a subject by showing that you can work with other peoples ideas whilst developing your own, but you must avoid simply reproducing other peoples work: in effect copying or stealing their ideas. Methods of referencing 4.1 The Harvard System http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif Photograph showing a library with shelves of books. http://labspace.open.ac.uk/pix/spacer.gif The main method of citation used for referencing focuses on what we call The Harvard System The Harvard System is the most common method of citation and referencing. However, in some areas, alternative systems can be used so it is a good idea to always check the requirements of your report. 4.1.2 Citing authors in the text Example 1 In this system you write the author/originators name and the year of publication of the document in brackets after each reference in the text. The research shows (Wheeler 1961, p.5) Example 2 If the authors name occurs naturally in the text then only the year of publication is given in brackets. Wheeler (1961, p.7) illustrates in his study Example 3 If two or more documents have the same author in the same year then they should be distinguished by lower case letters after the year of publication. Wheeler (1961a, p.5) describes this process in his study. In a second paper Wheeler (1961b, p.8) goes on further to explain Example 4 If there are 2 or up to 3 authors, the surname of all must be given. Wheeler, Smith and Jones (1993, p.15) have proposed that Example 5 If there are more than three authors the surname of the first author is given followed by et al (Latin term meaning and others) Wheeler et al. (1997, p. 3) believes Example 6 If there is no author then Anon should be used to indicate that the source is unknown. A recent article (Anon. 2001) states that Example 7 If a reference is to a newspaper where no author is given the name of the newspaper can be used. The Independent (1999) states that 4.1.3 Secondary sources If you refer to a source quoted in another source you should cite both in the text. Example 8 A study by Wheeler (1995 cited in Wood 1998, p.42) argues that You should only list Wood in your list of references, as this is the book/article you have actually read. Methods of referencing 4.2 Electronic Resources When citing Electronic Resources in the text please note: The use of the URL within the body of the text is not usually acceptable. It should only be listed in the reference list. As yet there is no universally accepted standard for citing electronic sources. It is advisable to include in your references the date you accessed the information. 4.2.1 E-book Author/s or Editor/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (i.e. year of print version, or year of electronic version if there is one) Title (either in bold, italics or underlined) (full stop) Edition (if not the first) Electronic book supplier [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: E-book Davis, B. (2000) Caring for people in pain. Netlibrary [Online]. Available at: http://www.netlibrary.com/Reader (Accessed: 6 January 2004). 4.2.2 E-journal To reference from an e-journal use the following format: Author/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of article (comma) Title of journal (either in bold, italics or underlined) (comma) Volume number Issue number (in brackets) (comma) Page number or online equivalent Name of electronic collection [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: E-journal Orkerson, A. (1991) The electronic journal: what, whence and when? Public Access Computer Systems Review, 2 (1), pp. 23-24 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://info.lib.uh.edu/pr/v2/n1/okerson.2nl (Accessed: 6 June 2002). 4.2.3 Website or Internet Database When you need to reference a whole website, use the format: Author, Editor or Publishing Organisation Year (in brackets) Website title (bold, italics or underlined ) (full stop) [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: Website Historic Houses Association. (2005) Historic Houses Association. [Online]. Available at: http://www.hha.org.uk (Accessed: 6 April 2005). When referencing web pages or extracts from a database, use the format: Author/editor or Publishing Organisation Year (in brackets) Title of extract (comma) Title of database (bold, italics or underlined) [Online] (full stop) Available at: Specify URL (Internet address) Date of access: (brackets) (full stop) Example: Web Pages Darnell, M.J. (2002) Opening the file drawer, Bad Human Factors Designs [Online]. Available at: http://www.baddesigns.com/file.html (Accessed: 6 April 2005). Referencing In the Harvard system the corresponding references to citations in the text are arranged at the end of a piece of work in alphabetical order of authors surname, subdivided if necessary by year and letter. 4.3.1 How to reference a book Author/s editor/s (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of book (either bold, italics or underlined) (full stop) Edition (if not the first) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) [Add series number and volume number if appropriate] One Author Hayes, N. (1998) Psychology: an introduction. 3rd edn. Harlow: Longman. Two Authors Winter, J. Sivan, E. (eds.) (2000) War and remembrance in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Three Authors Thwaites, A., Davis, L. Mules, W. (1995) Tools for cultural studies: an introduction. South Melbourne: Macmillan Education Australia. Multiple Authors Raven, P.H., Johnson, G.B., Losos, J.B. Singer, S. R. (2005) Biology. 7th edn. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Please note it is common acceptance, especially in scientific papers, to quote all authors in the reference list. However, this is not universal and an alternative, which is sometimes used when there are more than 3 authors, is to list the 1st author followed by et al. Please check your report requirements. 4.3.2 Chapter within a book Author/s of chapter or section (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of chapter/section (comma) Use the word In: Author/Editor of book/collected work (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Title of the book/collected work (either bold, italics or underlined). Edition (if not the first) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (comma) Page numbers of chapter (full stop) Example 1 Merridale, C. (2000) War, death and remembrance in Soviet Russia, In: Winter, J. Sivan, E. (eds.) War and remembrance in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 61-83. 4.3.3 How to reference a journal article Author/s of article (Surname (comma) followed by initials) (full stop) Year of publication (in brackets) Title of article (comma) Title of journal (either bold, italics or underlined) (comma) Volume number Part/issue number (in brackets) (comma) Page number/s (full stop) Example: Journal Article Bourget, D. (2004) Quantum leaps in the philosophy of the mind, Journal of Consciousness Studies, 11(12), pp. 17-42. Example: Journal Article, multiple authors Milner, L.M., Herrmann, M., Girand, K., Baker, M.S. Hiser, R.F. (2003) International sport fishing: the case of the German angler in Alaska, Tourism Analysis, 8(1), pp. 89-94. 4.3.4 Referencing a newspaper article Referencing a newspaper article is similar to referencing a journal except omit volume number and part/issue number and state the day and month of publication. Example: Newspaper Hiscott, G. (2005) Salt level in food overtakes poisoning as main concern of shoppers, The Independent, 17 March, p.8. 4.4.1 Theses or Dissertation When referencing a theses or a dissertation, use the same method as a book reference but include the level of the award (e.g. B.A., BSc., M.A.) and the name of the awarding Institution. Example 1 Gayfer, J. (1993) Controlling wall thickness of extruded polythene pipe. BEng dissertation. University of Derby. 4.4.2 Conferencing When referencing from a conference follow this format: Organising/sponsoring organisation Number (if appropriate) Year (in brackets) Title (in bold, italics or underlined) Location of conference Date of conference Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) Example 1 World Health Organisation (1978) Primary health care: report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Alma-Ata USSR, 6-12 September 1978. Geneva: W.H.O. 4.4.3 Audio-visual material Typically, putting the title as the first element of the reference is preferred but if an individual has clear responsibility for the intellectual content then they should be given as the originator. Title (bold, italics, underlined) Year (date of distribution)(brackets) Originator (director preferred) [Videocassette] (full stop) Place of distribution (colon) Organisation (full stop) Example 1 The Prince of tides (1997) Directed by Barbara Streisand [Videocassette]. London: ITV. 4.4.4 Maps When referencing from an ordnance survey map, use the format: Originator state Ordnance Survey Year of publication (in brackets) Title of map (bold, italics or underlined ) (comma) Sheet number (comma) Scale of map (e.g. 1: 50 000) (full stop) Place of publication (colon) Publisher (full stop) Series (in brackets) (full stop)

Four Types Of Financial Statements Essay

Financial Statements come in four basic types; income statement, retained earnings, the statement of cash flow and the balance sheet. These statements are used both internally and externally to calculate the profitability and liabilities of a company. The financial statements of a company are the window for managers, investors, and creditors into the stability of a company. The details of a financial statement differ from the type of the statement and are used by different entities to determine if they want to invest in the company, lend to the company or by managers to determine if the company is operating and the needed level to continue growing. The income statement is a snapshot for a defined time that lists revenues and expenses to equal the net income of the company. Revenues are broken down into sales and other sales. Expenses are items such as cost of goods sold, selling marketing administrative costs, and total income tax. The income statement reports on the success or failure of the company’s operations by reporting its revenues and expenses. If the company’s revenues exceed its expenses, it will report net income; otherwise it will report a net loss (Kimmel & Kieso, 2009). The income statement reports of the company’s operations are profitable or not. The income statements reports how successful the company is at generating a profit at sales. Retained earnings statements are statements of shareholders in dividends and earnings paid to owners. This statement shows the earnings kept by the owners to ensure future growth. High-growth companies generally do not pay dividends and reinvest into the company. This statement shows amounts and cause of change during a period in time. The beginning of the statement shows retained earnings and adds net income and deductions for dividends. The balance sheet is the third type of financial statement that show claims  to assets over a certain period of time. The balance sheet brakes down the short -term and long- term assets of the company. The balance sheets groups similar assets with similar liabilities. Current assets are listed first, long-term investments nets and fixed assets, along with intangible assets like patents. Current liabilities payable in less than a year such as notes payable, accounts payable, salaries payable, unearned revenue, and interest payable are listed first. These are followed by mortgage notes due in more than one year and other notes due in more than a year. Last listed are stockholders equities such as common stock, and retained earnings. Companies list assets in order for which they expect to convert to cash (Kimmel & Kieso, 2009). The last type of basic financial statement is the statement of cash flow. This statement discloses cash receipts and cash payments made to the company for a specific period of time. The statement of cash flow reports the operating, investing, and financial activities of the company. This statement will answer questions such as where did the money come from, how as the money used, and what was the change that happened? Negative numbers are reflected with brackets (). Additionally, these statements report the net increase or decrease in cash during a period in time and the amount of cash at the end of said time. Many entities use financial statement, both inside, and outside the company. Managers can use the balance sheet to determine if the cash on hand is sufficient for immediate cash needs. They can also use these statements to look at the relationship between debts and stockholders’ equity to determine if the company has satisfactory proportion of debt and common stock financing (Kimmel & Kieso, 2009). Creditors can use the financial statements to determine the likely hood of being repaid. The statements will tell the creditors if there are sufficient assets to sell to repay a debt. Using ratio analysis, revenues- expenses= net income, the creditor can measure the success of a company for a given period. Long- term investors and creditors look at the solvency of a company; that is the measurement of long- term survival of the company. Investors use financial statements to determine if they should invest in the company or cash out the stocks they hold, because  of losses in the c ompany. Publicly traded companies must release annual reports, including financial statements, manager’s discussion and analysis, notes to the financial statements and an independent auditors report. Investors use all of these items to ensure they are making a sound investment. References Kimmel, P. D., Weygandt, J. J., & Kieso, D. E. (2009). Financial accounting: Tools for business decision making (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Innovative Practices in Education Essay

Introduction The word ‘innovation’ is derived from Latin word ‘innovare’, which means â€Å"to change something to new†. In other words, we may say that ‘innovation’ means changing the regular way of doing things and involves doing the regular things in a novel way. The role of a teacher in present context has remarkably changed because of the various factors such as social, cultural, economic and technology developments across the globe. â€Å"Teachers in today’s era must be innovative, imaginative, and resourceful and have thorough knowledge of the subject and adopt new techniques to teach innovatively.† J. Krishnamurthy1 Teaching, in the KRISHNAMURTHI FOUNDATION INDIA (KFI) schools as opposed to other regular schools was said to be â€Å"different† and hence the researcher picked up these schools to study what and how â€Å"innovatively† the students are taught. KFI schools come under the genre of â€Å"alternative schools.† â€Å"An alternative school is an educational setting designed to accommodate educational, behavioral, and/or medical needs of children and adolescents that cannot be adequately addressed in a traditional school environment.†2 Its unique features are as follows: †¢Alternative schools have a small number of students, maximum 200 in the entire school . †¢Not more than 15-25 kids in a class †¢Children are allowed to learn the basic skills of reading and writing at their own pace. †¢There is little or no internal hierarchy in alternative schools. †¢Excellent teacher pupil relationship . †¢Family atmosphere †¢There is an inherent spirit of cooperation with self discipline. †¢Uniqueness of each child is nurtured. †¢The ambience is essentially fluid and informal. †¢There is no uniform. â€Å"KFI schools are not just about transference of ideas or facts in books, but is also about feeling the earth, watching the sunset, listening to the birds, seeing the colours of the leaves change in the different seasons and observing nature in its many colours, forms and shapes, in reality and this has shaped the entire structure of the school based on the ideology of Jiddu Krishnamurthy.†3 Methodology of the Study †¢Normative survey along with participant observation was used in the present research as it was a qualitative research . †¢Qualitative research seeks out the ‘why’, not the ‘how’ of the topic.3( Yang.W.E, 1997) Data Collection Tools Actual visit to the school and interaction with the teacher, students and principals through interview and questionnaire techniques and actual participation in school activities. The tools used were: †¢Interview †¢Participant Observation †¢Document analysis Learning the KFI way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a few insights Classes are not only about completing the content but also about understanding the content; with this core understanding every teacher at the school determines to use innovative teaching practices in classroom teaching. The term â€Å"innovative† is used to describe the combination of the three teaching practices in these schools †¢Student centered pedagogy †¢ Taking the learning beyond the classroom †¢Giving importance to personal relationships apart from the academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of community and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love amongst the students .The term â€Å"innovative† in the context of this research describes combining these practices with technology i.e use of ICT( information communication technology ) in class room teaching. Student-centered pedagogy includes practices of teaching and learning that are project-based, collaborative, foster knowledge-building, require self-regulation and assessment, and are both personalized (allowing for student choice and relevance to the individual student) as well as individualized (allowing students to work at their own pace) and according to their particular learning needs. Each of these elements has a strong base of prior research, linking them to positive outcomes in terms of developing skills among students.4 Hence these a re techniques in which they learn to think for themselves, and develop the ability to make clear logical arguments, and deal with complex ethical issues.Students enjoy total intellectual freedom, and unfettered interaction with other students and adults. 1. Autonomous learning is a unique innovative technique which is actively implemented in the academic transaction process. It implies gradual switch from traditional teacher-centered studies to a self-learning process, when students are placed in such conditions where they are to employ their critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and communication skills in addition to the problem-solving skills that will make them experts on a subject studied through project- work, group work etc. For Example- A project on garbage disposal in class V was given to make them learn about environment and sustainability. 2. Cooperative learning directed towards focusing on students’ team work while doing their project assignments. 3. Task-based approach to learning, which requires using learning situations and tasks that do not make students merely reproduce the knowledge acquired, but also stimulate their creativity in order to find new original answers to unconventional tasks. For example- growing flowers in the school compound to teach students of class VII, about seasonal flowers, types of soil and usage of organic fertilisers. Another e.g- Selling organic compost and making money running a small business annually for class X th students to teach them about selling and profit in economics. 4. Moving outside the class – This teaching practice refers to learning activities that include learning in nature and beyond the traditional boundaries of the classroom, and also by providing opportunities for 24/7 learning (for example, research outside the classroom), fostering cross-subject connections, and promoting global awareness and cultural understanding. For example – seeing the actual working of a venus-fly trap plant grown in the campus to teach about carnivorous plants. 5. Story- based learning – This method, called ‘story-based learning,’ aims to encourage students to study various core subjects and be curious enough to find the answers by themselves. ‘One reason behind this learning design is to help students to comprehend the variety and interconnectedness of real life and equip them with the right mindset and solutions.’ 5 For example- The high-school students learnt a story about spices and ships, which would bring students into studying the history, agriculture, business, politics, culture and international trade of the East India Company in class VIII. 6. Workshops including interactive lectures, presentations, individual assignments, puppet making, independent and self-learning activities during practical classes and seminars, role plays and simulations, case-studies, individual and team projects, holding master-classes and workshops. 7. Extensive use of tape recorder, e-book, graphics, pictures, charts in daily 8. Blogs : A Classroom outside the classroom! Blog is derived from weblog. It is a diary or regular opinion columns posted on the internet. In blog, the writer posts diary entry which others can read and comments on it. Web-blogging is used in two main ways in teaching. Firstly, students are encouraged to write and post their blogs. If students are learning to write journals or engaged in other form of extensive writing in the classroom, is the right place to check their ability of writing. Secondly, the teacher writes the main blog entries, which students can then comment on. They send assignments or projects to students on the taught topics, by which students can complete the work and send it back to teachers. So the blog encourages teaching outside the classroom. 8. Role playing- For example, while teaching accounts the role of accountant can be explained by role playing technique. Invoice and bills can be given to students and asked them to assume the role of accountant. Here the real entries pertaining to transactions are made by the student and this is more practical approach to teaching where theory is supplemented by proper practical knowledge. 9.Wiki- A wiki is a web based platform for collaborative writing. It is used within a private domain as well as public domain for writing together. The important feature of wikis is particularly used for language learning which is record of all drafts. Students and teachers work on it collaboratively. An example of a private wiki used for language learning was used in KFI school-based project to produce a school newsletter for parents within the public domain. Students can be asked to be collaborative as class to produce a Wikipedia entry because such projects help to promote team-spirit and increase motivation, empower students to construct knowledge, and enable them to learn new things in an interesting, stress-free way. To keep up with the educational expectations of today’s youth, we’re called on to use innovative teaching techniques. Where resources and training programs aren’t available to keep pace with our growing technological expansion, methods must be developed and used that involve active learning without depending on high technology. Simulations, games, and role playing are viable alternatives for learning about and experiencing real-life situations. 10. Innovative evaluation- the 360 0 approach- Teacher’s report- Students’ progress is assessed systematically and continuously. Evaluation is comprehensive, non-comparative and points to possibilities for growth are given to each and every student. Parents receive reports twice a year. Parent’s report- However, in the month of September parents send a report to school on their children based on the observation made at home. How he/she behaves at home, his/her eating habits, behaviour with siblings etc †¦anything extra that the parent wants to tell is also welcomed. This report facilitates a joint awareness and understanding of the child by the school and home. Students take formal examinations from class VIII onwards and all the teachers seem to support it completely because they feel students have to take the public examinations at the end of Tenth and Twelfth standard. 11. Meditation & assemblies- Every morning there are separate assemblies for the Junior and Senior sections, apart from this every school has â€Å"me time† in which the children and the staff sit all by themselves being â€Å"in silence† and think about the day ahead. It is easier said than done to sit in silence for 15 minutes because as Krishnamurthi says, â€Å"Only a mind in silence and stability is a mind that can learn anything†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.or even teach anything† 4 Hence this meditation time is important for both the kids and the teachers and there is no fixed way of meditation. The only requirement is that one should sit in silence. Sometimes in the evenings guided meditations are also held for the senior students who want to come. It is a voluntary thing and no one is forced to do so. It is an important innovative technique in teaching â€Å"self- inquiry† and introspection to the students. There is no punishment system, only talking, counselling and understanding that takes place if someone makes a mistake. Conclusions †¢This holistic education is usually characterized by several core qualities. First, it encourages experiential learning. †¢Secondly there is more discussion, questioning, experimentation, and active engagement in a holistic learning environment. †¢Thirdly, personal relationships are considered to be as important as academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of community and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love. †¢These innovative techniques are practiced in diverse ways in alternative schools like KFI that provide a carefully designed, multiage â€Å"prepared environment† that encourages children to explore ,experiment and learn according to their own pace and interests. †¢It is possible, however, that these certain universal features of the KFI schools can easily be shared with, and developed by, other schools like the non-formal working environment and child-based, student-centric project aided learning which doesn’t require too much training or infrastructure , just a willingness to experiment and innovate on the part of the teacher. †¢ In many respects it is like a traditional school; children take board exams, have a curriculum and timetable etc. But what makes them special and effective are the teachers and their passion for teaching, their innovative methods of teaching, the fearless and joyful interaction among teachers and students. †¢The board results of such schools were better than the regular schools in their area but the stress experienced by the students, teachers and parents was comparatively much less, as what came out from the interviews and observation of the students and data analysis. Recommendations From the insights gained in innovative teaching and its impact on the teaching learning process, the researcher would like to make certain recommendations for other schools as well. a.Schools therefore need to emphasize on those aspects of learning which would help children to self-observe and reflect; find ways to search for knowledge instead of memorizing only. b.The project approach in teaching is inter-disciplinary, integrates arts, music, dance, yoga, meditation in the curriculum and leads to collateral learning. c.This is accomplished through evolutionary syllabi that emerge out of the needs of students and can be easily made by the subject teacher and head of the institution. d.The students are independent, responsible and confident of their learning. e.In line with J.Krishnamurthy’s philosophy, teachers lay emphasis on collaborative learning and team work. f.The teacher’s role is that of a facilitator, a generalist. g.The teaching style is informal, participativ e, democratic and illuminative. h.The teacher is a learner too. i.Meditation and yoga has definite positive outcomes on the behavior of students and also their ability to learn. Hence it should be encouraged by all schools. j.This holistic and innovative education in KFI schools is usually characterized by experiential learning. k.Secondly there is more discussion, questioning, experimentation, and active engagement in a holistic learning environment leading to overall personality development. l.Thirdly, personal relationships are considered to be as important as academic subject matter. These learning environments strive to cultivate a sense of community and belonging, and qualities of safety, respect, caring, and even love amongst students and teachers. References : 1. Bax,S.(2003). The end of old age teaching: A New Approach to Education and Laerning. ELT journal, 57, 278-287. 2. Alternative School, http://www.healthofchildren.com/A/Alternative-School.html#ixzz2BQfZSoIf 3. Martin, Donald W. (1975) â€Å"An Analysis of Selected Works of Jiddu Krishnamurti: Implications for Higher Education† University of Cincinnati, Ohio (U.S.A.), research paper. 4. Gefter, A., â€Å"Living online: This is your space,† New Scientist 2569 (2006): 46-48. 5. Gupta Deepti, 2005. ELT in India: A Brief and Current overview, Asian EFL Journal Volume 7. Issue 1, Article 12. Bibliography 1. Nunan David (1991) Communicative tasks and the language curriculum. TESOL, Quarterly 25(2), 279-295. 2. O’Grady, William, Michael Dabrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. 1993. Contemporary linguistics: An Introduction. New York: St.Martin’s Press. 3. Pahuja N.P. Teaching of English, Anmol Publications Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi 1995. 4. Prensky, M., â€Å" Digital nayives, digital immigrants,† On the Horizon 9.5 (2001). 5. Thelwall, M., â€Å"MySpace, Facebook, Bebo: Social networking students,† Association of Learning Technology Online Newsletter 11 (2008). 6. Vyas A. Manish and Patel L. yogesh â€Å"Teaching innovatively – A new Pedagogy for a New Century.† PHI Learning Pvt Ltd. New Delhi (200

Management Dissertation Proposal Proforma The WritePass Journal

Management Dissertation Proposal Proforma 1. Aims of the Dissertation: Management Dissertation Proposal Proforma ) Levin, D. M. (1988). The opening of vision: Nihilism and the postmodern situation.   London: Routledge. Mikkola, J. H. and Skjà ¸tt-Larsen, T. 2004. Supply-chain integration: implications for mass customization, modularization and postponement strategies. Production Planning Control; Jun2004, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p352-361 Saunders, M. Thornhill, A. and Lewis, P. 2007. Research Methods for Business Students. Harlow: Financial Times / Prentice Hall. Su, C. J. and Chuang, H. C. 2011. Toward Mass Customized Product Deployment in E-Commerce: The Modularization Function and Postponement Strategy. Journal of Organizational Computing Electronic Commerce; Jan-Mar2011, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p24-49 Wan, J. 2006. Postponement Strategy in Supply Chain Management. University of Cambridge. ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/mtms/events/documents/Johnny_Wan.pdf Accessed 15th April 2011. Yang, B. and Burns, N. 2003. Implications of postponement for the supply chain. International Journal of Production Research; 6/15/2003, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p2075-2090 Yang, B. Burns, N. D. and Backhouse, C. J. 2005. An empirical investigation into the barriers to postponement. International Journal of Production Research; 2005, Vol. 43, p991–1005. Yang, B. Yang, Y. and Wijngaard, J. 2007. Postponement: an inter-organizational perspective. International Journal of Production Research; 2/15/2007, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p971-988 Yin, R.K. (1994), Case Study Research – Design and Method, 2nd ed., Sage, Newbury Park, CA.

Free Essays on Intruding Intruders Intrutions

Intruding Intruder’s Intrusions To prevent the intrusion, we need to know why the intruder is intruding. Today’s hackers accomplish many things. They create jobs in the information security market. They scare people out of their minds. They get companies to spend a lot of money on network security. Their attacks provide the police and FBI with somebody to chase. They give back to the people with community service and fund the governments by paying fines. They test hacking tools provided by people who know what they are doing. Many other things like this are accomplished by hackers around the world today. However, the one thing they do that really gets my goad and smacks of stupidity is ruin the internet, not only for everybody else, but for themselves also. For a lot of hackers, the internet is a source of entertainment, a job, or a hobby. Here is a simple point of logic that these intruders seem to be lacking. If, for example, there is something you do for enjoyment, or is the means of your livelihood, do you ruin it? A child can appreciate this logic. This inability to look be yond immediate benefits to oneself is a major problem in this society, and has given birth to hackers, criminals, PETA.... This may seem to go wide of the scope for this paper, but think of it this way. If the â€Å"me first† attitude of current society were to be somehow eradicated, and replaced with a different philosophy, say the â€Å"Golden Rule†. Would there be any malicious intrusions? On a broader scope, this would solve most of the problems in the world, not all. What I am getting at is this. In order to understand what we need to secure against, we need to understand the motivation, as well as the methods, that malicious intruders work under. Some of these motives can include, but are not limited to, greed, fame, revenge, misguided over righteousness, to prove something, to be a nuisance, and I suppose some form of insanity. As an IS profession... Free Essays on Intruding Intruder's Intrutions Free Essays on Intruding Intruder's Intrutions Intruding Intruder’s Intrusions To prevent the intrusion, we need to know why the intruder is intruding. Today’s hackers accomplish many things. They create jobs in the information security market. They scare people out of their minds. They get companies to spend a lot of money on network security. Their attacks provide the police and FBI with somebody to chase. They give back to the people with community service and fund the governments by paying fines. They test hacking tools provided by people who know what they are doing. Many other things like this are accomplished by hackers around the world today. However, the one thing they do that really gets my goad and smacks of stupidity is ruin the internet, not only for everybody else, but for themselves also. For a lot of hackers, the internet is a source of entertainment, a job, or a hobby. Here is a simple point of logic that these intruders seem to be lacking. If, for example, there is something you do for enjoyment, or is the means of your livelihood, do you ruin it? A child can appreciate this logic. This inability to look be yond immediate benefits to oneself is a major problem in this society, and has given birth to hackers, criminals, PETA.... This may seem to go wide of the scope for this paper, but think of it this way. If the â€Å"me first† attitude of current society were to be somehow eradicated, and replaced with a different philosophy, say the â€Å"Golden Rule†. Would there be any malicious intrusions? On a broader scope, this would solve most of the problems in the world, not all. What I am getting at is this. In order to understand what we need to secure against, we need to understand the motivation, as well as the methods, that malicious intruders work under. Some of these motives can include, but are not limited to, greed, fame, revenge, misguided over righteousness, to prove something, to be a nuisance, and I suppose some form of insanity. As an IS profession...